Legal Terms Starting with S

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Search Warrant

A court order authorizing law enforcement to search a specific location for evidence of criminal activity.

Criminal Procedure

Self-Defense

The legal right to use reasonable force to protect oneself from imminent harm or unlawful attack.

Criminal Law

Sentence

The punishment imposed by a court on a person convicted of a crime.

Criminal Law

Settlement

A mutually agreed resolution of a legal dispute without trial, often involving monetary payment or other terms.

Civil Litigation

Shareholder

A person or entity owning shares in a corporation, possessing ownership interest and certain rights.

Corporate Law

Slander

Spoken defamatory statements that harm another person's reputation without legal justification.

Tort Law

Sole Proprietorship

A business owned and operated by one individual with no legal distinction between owner and business entity.

Business Law

Specific Performance

A court-ordered remedy requiring a party to fulfill contractual obligations rather than paying damages.

Contract Law

Standard of Proof

The level of certainty required to establish facts in legal proceedings, varying by case type.

Evidence Law

Stare Decisis

Latin for "to stand by things decided" - the doctrine of following judicial precedent in similar cases.

Legal Theory

Statute

A written law enacted by a legislative body at the federal, state, or local level.

Legislative Law

Statute of Limitations

A law setting the maximum time period within which legal proceedings must be initiated.

Civil Procedure

Stay

A court order temporarily suspending or halting legal proceedings or enforcement of a judgment.

Court Procedure

Stipulation

An agreement between parties regarding facts, procedures, or evidence to simplify or expedite litigation.

Civil Procedure

Strict Liability

Legal responsibility for damages regardless of fault or negligence, often applied to inherently dangerous activities.

Tort Law

Subpoena

A court order commanding a person to testify at a proceeding or produce documents and evidence.

Court Procedure

Summary Judgment

A court decision rendered without trial when no genuine dispute exists regarding material facts.

Civil Procedure

Summons

A legal notice requiring the recipient to appear in court or respond to a complaint by a specified deadline.

Civil Procedure

Suppression of Evidence

Exclusion of illegally obtained evidence from trial, typically due to constitutional violations.

Criminal Procedure

Surety

A person or entity that guarantees payment or performance of another's obligation if they default.

Contract Law

Survivorship

The right of joint property owners to automatically inherit the deceased owner's share.

Property Law

Suspended Sentence

A criminal sentence postponed on condition of good behavior, avoiding immediate incarceration.

Criminal Law

Severability

A contract provision ensuring invalid portions can be removed while the remainder stays enforceable.

Contract Law

Sovereign Immunity

Legal doctrine preventing lawsuits against the government without its consent.

Government Law

Securities

Financial instruments representing ownership, debt, or rights to buy or sell, regulated by securities laws.

Securities Law